How can discrimination be legal?
Discrimination isn't illegal. Discrimination in employment
CAN be illegal, but only if an employer isn't treating equally qualified and similarly situated employees--or potential employees--equally. However, not all discriminatory actions are against the law. There are in fact only a handful of laws that regulate job discrimination:
* Title VII of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), which prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin;
* the
Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA), which protects men and women who perform substantially equal work in the same establishment from sex-based wage discrimination;
* the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), which protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older;
* Title I and Title V of the
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), which prohibit employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in the private sector, and in state and local governments;
* Sections 501 and 505 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibit discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities who work in the federal government; and
* the
Civil Rights Act of 1991, which, among other things, provides monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination.
Essentially, you cannot discriminate in employment on the basis of:
* sex
* race
* color
* religion
* age
* national origin
* disability
Discriminating for anything else is (generally) completely legal.
So if an employer doesn't want to hire you because you're a smoker, or a drinker, or a NASCAR fan, or a competitive swimmer, or you dress like a slob, or you stink, or you're wearing a bow in your hair, or pretty much anything else they come up with except lawfully protected groups in the list above, then they're totally within their right.